TITLE : TARIQ (AMAZON) CLASS (TYPE 21) (DD/FF)

ACTIVE : 6

Name	No	Builders	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Recommissioned
TARIQ	D 181	Yarrow Shipbuilders	1 Sep 1971	18 Jan 1973	5 Sep 1975	28 July 1993
BABUR	D 182	Vosper Thornycroft	6 Nov 1969	26 Apr 1971	11 May 1974	30 Sep 1993
KHAIBAR	D 183	Yarrow Shipbuilders	28 Sep 1972	5 Feb 1974	29 July 1976	1 Mar 1994
BADR	D 184	Yarrow Shipbuilders	5 Mar 1973	18 Sep 1974	2 July 1977	1 Mar 1994
TIPPU SULTAN	D 185	Yarrow Shipbuilders	30 Oct 1974	20 Nov 1975	19 July 1978	23 Sep 1994
SHAHJAHAN	D 186	Vosper Thornycroft	23 July 1971	23 Nov 1972	17 June 1977	23 Sep 1994

DISPLACEMENT, tons : 3,100 standard; 3,700 full load
DIMENSIONS, ft (m) : 384 oa; 360 wl x 41.7 x 19.5 (screws) (117; 109.7 x 12.7 x 5.9)
MAIN MACHINERY : COGOG; 2 RR Olympus TM3B gas turbines; 50,000 hp (37.3 MW) sustained; 2 RR Tyne RM1C gas turbines (cruising); 9,900 hp (7.4 MW) sustained; 2 shafts; cp props
SPEED, knots : 30; 18 on Tynes
RANGE, miles : 4,000 at 17 kt; 1,200 at 30 kt
COMPLEMENT : 175 (13 officers) (accommodation for 192)

MISSILES : SSM: 4 McDonnell Douglas Harpoon 1C (may be fitted in due course).
SAM: China LY 60N [Ref 2] semi-active radar homing to 13 km (7 n miles) at 2.5 Mach; warhead 33 kg. Replacing Seacat.
GUNS : 1 Vickers 4.5 in (114 mm)/55 Mk 8 [Ref 3]; 55° elevation; 25 rds/min to 22 km (11.9 n miles) anti-surface; 6 km (3.3 n miles) anti-aircraft; weight of shell 21 kg. 4 - 25 mm/60 (2 twin) [Ref 4]; 270 rds/min to 3 km (1.6 n miles); weight of shell 0.34 kg. 2 or 4 Oerlikon 20 mm Mk 7A; 1 MSI DS 30B 30 mm/75 and 2 GAM-BO1 20 mm may be fitted in lieu.
TORPEDOES : 6 - 324 mm Plessey STWS Mk 2 (2 triple) tubes. Only in Badr and Shahjahan; all to be fitted with Bofors Type 43X2 single or quad launchers [Ref 6] for Swedish torpedoes in due course.
COUNTERMEASURES : Decoys: Graseby Type 182; towed torpedo decoy. 2 Vickers Corvus 8-tubed trainable launchers [Ref 7]; Mk 36 SRBOC is to be fitted.
ESM: Thomson-CSF DR 3000S; intercept; being fitted.
DATA SYSTEMS :CAAIS combat data system with Ferranti FM 1600B computers. Being replaced by CelsiusTech 9LV Mk 3 including Link Y. WEAPONS CONTROL : Ferranti WSA-4 digital fire-control system. CSEE Najir Mk 2 optronic director being fitted in at least 3 of the class.
RADARS : Air/surface search: Marconi Type 992R; E/F-band. To be replaced by Signaal DA08. Surface search: Kelvin Hughes Type 1006; I-band.
Fire control: 2 Selenia Type 912 (RTN 10X); I/J-band; range 40 km (22 n miles).
SONARS : Graseby Type 184P; hull-mounted; active search and attack; medium frequency. Kelvin Hughes Type 162M; hull-mounted; bottom classification; 50 kHz. Thomson Marconi ATAS; active; medium frequency.

HELICOPTERS : 1 Westland Lynx HAS 3 [Ref 11].

PROGRAMME : Acquired from the UK in 1993-94. Tariq arrived in Karachi 1 November 1993 and the last pair in January 1995. These ships replaced the `Garcia' and `Brooke' classes and have been classified as destroyers.

MODERNISATION : Exocet, torpedo tubes and Lynx helicopter facilities were all added in RN service, but torpedo tubes were subsequently removed in all but Badr and Shahjahan and all are to be retrofitted by Pakistan using Swedish equipment. Exocet was not transferred and the obsolete Seacat SAM system is being replaced by Chinese LY 60N which is a copy of Aspide. New EW equipment has been installed. ATAS sonar has been acquired (two sets only) but plans to update the hull sonars have been shelved. Other equipment upgrades are projected and include Harpoon (from the Gearings), a DA08 search radar, an optronic director, new 30 mm and 20 mm guns, SRBOC chaff launchers. An improved combat data system with a datalink to shore HQ is also being fitted. The first fully equipped ship is not expected to complete until late 1998, but some of the modifications are being done during routine maintenance periods.

STRUCTURE : Due to cracking in the upper deck structure large strengthening pieces have been fixed to the ships' side at the top of the steel hull as shown in the illustration. The addition of permanent ballast to improve stability has increased displacement by about 350 tons. Further hull modifications to reduce noise and vibration started in 1988 and completed in all of the class by 1992.

DISP.STANDARD (tonnes) :3149.0
DISP.FULL LOAD (tonnes) :3759.0
LENGTH (m) : 117.00
BEAM (m) : 12.7
DRAUGHT (m) :5.9
SPEED (knots) : 30.0
RANGE (nm) : 4000.0

9LV 200 MARK 3/9SCS MARK 3 Command and weapon control system.

Development

Philips (now CelsiusTech) continued evolutionary development of its 9LV 200 system (qv) and the name was extended to a new version which was given the designation 9LV 200 Mark 3 (or 9LV Mark 3) but which was radically different from its predecessors. Development began in late 1980 when the FMV, Sweden's Defence Material Administration, issued a feasibility, design and specification study contract for a distributed architecture naval combat system to PEAB.
This contract was completed in 1985 and the FMV was confident enough in the PEAB design to select it for the new class of corvettes which was to be built for the Swedish Navy. In December 1985 a contract was awarded by the Swedish Navy for the first 9LV 200 Mark 3 system which entered service when the corvette Goteborg was commissioned in February 1990.
In fact 9LV 200 Mark 3 had entered service two months earlier with a foreign navy. It was selected as the basis of the Standard Flex combat system (SF C3) for the Royal Danish Navy's multirole Standard Flex 300 warships, with Terma Elektronik as the prime contractor. This system entered service with the commissioning of HDMS Flyvefisken in December 1989, the first ship whose electronics were completely in the Ada-language. The system will be introduced into all major units of the Danish Navy replacing the DEPLO (see Ericsson CCIS/Maril entry) system. Terma consoles have been selected for many export versions of the 9LV 200 Mark 3.
Other export contracts have followed, notably the winning in August 1989 of the A$240 million (US$188 million) contract to supply the 9LV 453 system to Australia and New Zealand for the `ANZAC' class frigates. Finland and Singapore have also ordered the system which is `commercially' the most successful of the new generation of naval combat systems. The success of the system, and the versatility of the distributed architecture concept, was shown by the selection in March 1990 of a version as 9SCS Mark 3 for the Swedish `Gotland' (A19) class submarines which are scheduled to enter service from 1996. This contract is worth SKr 500 million (US$80 million). In August 1994 CelsiusTech announced it had won a contract to retrofit the `Amazon' class (Type 21) frigates of the Pakistan Navy with 9LV 200 Mark 3. The first vessels to receive the system will be Badr and Shahjahan. A 9LV 200 Mark 3E (Enhanced) is proposed for the Swedish Navy's CETRIS (`Visby' class) requirement with greater functionality and use of COTS.

Description

The 9LV 200 Mark 3/9SCS Mark 3 command systems are based upon Bassystem 2000 (or BS 2000 with FS2000 as the naval version) with hardware and software modules used to create flexibility with real-time processing in both the short and long term. The systems have a distributed architecture and are based upon a 32-bit computer using Motorola 68020 and 68040 microprocessors and Ada-language software, workstations and Ethernet IEEE 802.3 standard local area networks. Memory consists of 4 MByte RAM and 256 k of EPROM. The hardware is used to create nodes which may be workstations, processing or interface nodes with a network interface, one or more processing units, power supply, local PROM, and appropriate interfaces. Memory management is by means of the Motorola 68851 while the floating-point processor is the Motorola 68881. All the software programs run independently but communicate through an Inter-Program Communication 2000 (IPC2000) mechanism. The software is in Ada and the basic system has about 500,000 lines of code but this is usually more than doubled to meet added requirements. The SF C3 system, for example, had a basic 400,000 lines of code which were expanded by Terma Elektronik to 1,000,500 lines. The commonality means that for the submarine system 9SCS Mark 3, 65 per cent of the code is common with the standard Mark 3 system for surface ships.
Each system consists of a dual-redundant local area network which interfaces with all sensors, weapon systems and workstations. The system is supported by two processor units (one redundant) which provide command, communications and control as well as a database. The systems are capable of acting as a data handling system compiling the tactical situation, conducting threat evaluation and target designation as well as providing navigation and offboard sensor data (the latter via a datalink) while recording and providing a simulation capability.
For fire-control purposes there is the CEROS (CelsiusTech Radar and Optronic Sight) 200 fire-control subsystem which can be an integrated element of the combat management system or act as a stand-alone weapon control or tracking system. It is based upon a director, formerly known as Sea Viking, which is available in Baseline, Continuous Wave Illumination (CWI) or Stealth versions each with servo-controlled pedestal, tracking and ballistic computer. The system takes sensor data, evaluates the threat, and automatically deploys the most effective `hard' or `soft' kill countermeasure to neutralise each target while there is also an automated air defence function for use against multiple targets.
CEROS 200 can be used to control long-range surface-to-air missiles (for the first time in a 9LV system), for medium-range engagements with guns or for the control of CIWS. The two-axis pedestal has an angular speed of 2 rad/s and is approximately 2 m high, 1.6 m in diameter and weighs 700 to 800 kg. The prime sensor is a tracking Ku-band (J-band) radar with stabilised cassegrain, monopulse antenna and grid-pulsed helix travelling wave tube transmitter with a peak power of 1.5 kW which operates in the 15.5 to 17.5 GHz frequency range and produces a 1.5° wide beam with 41 dB gain. There is a three-channel amplitude monopulse receiver with 0.2 µs compressed noise width and a noise figure of 10 dB. More than 100 frequencies are available permitting the combination of pulse Doppler-MTI operation with batch-to-batch frequency agility, a typical processing batch involves four MTI pulses and 32 pulse Doppler pulses. Pulse-to-pulse frequency agility is retained for use when return suppression is not required. The CelsiusTech High Accuracy Sea Skimming Estimator (CHASE) signal algorithm may be added to enable missiles operating at 6 to 50 m above the sea to be tracked without multipath interference.
The CWI version (which was selected by Australia, Denmark and New Zealand) has an addtional X-band or I/J-band (8 to 12 GHz) channel which generates a high-gain pencil beam. Focussing of the two bands is achieved through a combination of frequency selective surfaces in the main- and sub-reflectors as well as the provision of another X-band horn to provide a wide `null-filling' beam for the missile's rear reference. A version with longer range will be available for the Evolved SeaSparrow Missile (ESSM) (qv). The Stealth version is modified to provide a very low radar cross-section over a multi-octave frequency band. This is achieved through a combination of shaping, radar absorbing material and the provision of a frequency selective surface with a shutter in front of the antenna. The electronic sensors may be supplemented by a range of electro-optical sensors including a Saab Missiles Si-Vidicon CCIR-compatible TV camera with 300 mm lens and 2.3 to 23° field of view, an 8 to 12 µm infrared camera using Cadmium Mercury Telluride detectors with closed-cycle Sterling cooling and fields of view of 52 x 35 mrad and 157 x 105 mrad. Also available is an Nd:YAG laser rangefinder operating in 1.06 µm (4 MW peak power) and 1.5 MW (1.5 MW), the former having a PRF of 10 Hz.
Complementing the CEROS 200 is an independent C-band (G/H-band) and X-band (I/J-band) search radar with parabolic horn-fed stabilised 2.4 x 1.0 m antenna. This also has a travelling wave tube transmitter and operates in the 5.4 to 5.9 GHz and 8.5 to 9.6 GHz frequencies. An optional I/J-band magnetron transmitter is also available. The Mark 3 system retains the horizontal tactical situation compilation display used in the Mark 1/2 system although with improved electronics and its own secondary database. However, the prime MMI consists of workstations, either the CelsiusTech SCL 85 or Terma Standard Consoles.
The SCL 85 or GOC (General Operator Console) workstation usually features 21 in (53.3 cm) rectangular screen or 23 in (58.4 cm) PPI high-resolution screen random scan main display for presenting processed radar data, maps and text. This is supplemented by a 20 in (50.8 cm) high-resolution raster scan display for synthetically generated graphical data and by either a 12 in (30.5 cm) monochrome or 14 in (35.5 cm) colour CRT for alphanumeric functions and/or the presentation of TV and video data with text overlay and graphics. The normal MMI consists of a QWERTY keyboard and rollerball, although a touch input device may be included for presenting text and graphics or for dedicated functions.
The Terma Standard Consoles (SCL) use Motorola 68020 and 68040 microprocessors on a VME bus. There are three versions; Type I, Type IIA and Type IID. The Type I was designed for the SF C3 system and is a one-man console with two 21 in (53.34 cm) 1,024 x 1,224 pixel raster scan displays which can present radar, tactical situation, graphics and electro-optic data as well as providing space of 80 columns and 18 lines for alphanumeric data. There may also be provision for internal and external communications facilities (including a telephone). The MMI consists of an LED, a 78-key function panel and two rollerballs. They are low, wide displays designed initially for the Standard Flex ships. The Type IIA is similar to the Type I but has fewer function keys, lacks communication facilities and is both narrower and taller. The Type IID is even narrower and has a 20 in (50.8 cm) and two 10 in (25.4 cm) raster scan displays as well as two LEDs. Configurations are as in Table 1:

Class	Horizontal displays	Workstations
-	-	SCL 85/GOC	Terma SCL
`ANZAC'	None	None	7 Type IIA
`Thetis'	None	None	4 Type I
`Flyvefisken'	None	None	6 Type I
`Rauma'	None	2 navigation/ radar console	None
`Goteborg'	2	6	None
`Gotland'	None	None	3 Type IID

The Pakistan vessels are likely to have Terma SCL workstations. The three-man horizontal display is similar to that used in 9LV200.

Notes: Just as the Mark 1/2 systems have four versions so does the Mark 3:
9LV 100 Mark 3: Based upon electro-optic sensors with Motorola 68020 processors.
9LV 200 Mark 3: Command and weapon control system based upon radar sensors for FAC-type vessels.
9LV 300 Mark 3: As 9LV 200 but with electro-optical elements of the 9LV 100.
9LV 400 Mark 3: Command and weapon control system for larger warships for example, frigate size and above.

The 9LV 200 Mark 3E will feature a new COTS-based multifunction console.
The 9SCS Mark 3 system (believed to be designated IDPS-19 by the Swedish Navy) has three Terma Type IID workstations, two database computers and two command/weapon control computers. There are also three consoles for the STN Atlas CSU90 sonar suite, which interface with the system, as well as two torpedo interface units. CelsuisTech is continuing to improve the 9LV system. In June 1996 it announced Windows NT software prototypes in association with the Swedish Defence Material Agency. This is part of an ongoing process to introduce COTS hardware and software in a twin-track programme being conducted by CelsiusTech in Sweden and with their Australian subsidiary Celsius Australia (CTA). Concept demonstration programmes will include features such as X-Windows/Motif graphical user interface, RISC processors and internal fibre optic buses. In a separate programme CelsiusTech has also developed a track-management system known as Multi-Radar Tracking (MRT) based upon an IBM RISC System/6000 Model 390 workstations running under AIX with Ada and `C' language software. The system can accept a minimum of 400 tracks from six radars with 100 plots/s per channel and this can be expanded to 1,000 tracks from 20 radars at 1,000 plots/s. CelsiusTech have also developed a C2 system based upon laptop computers for mine countermeasures vessels.

Operational Status

Some 50 systems have been ordered or delivered for the following ships:

(1) The `Niels Juel' class use 9LV200 Mark 3 purely for weapon control. Their AWS-5 radars will be replaced by TRS-3D from 1997 onwards. The last eight `Flyvefisken' from HDMS Svaerdfisken onwards have TRS-3D radar.

SPECIFICATIONS :

(CelsiusTech SCL 85)
Length: 1.19 m
Width: 1.26 m
Height: 1.25 m
Weight: 350 kg

COMPANY NAME : CelsiusTech AB.

CS Defense Najir

Naval fire-control system.

Development During the 1980s CS Defense developed Najir, a more sophisticated version of the Panda/Naja family with both day and night capability which could also be operated remotely. The French Navy designated Najir DMAc and it entered service with the commissioning of the destroyer Cassard in July 1988. In the early 1990s CS Defense began to develop a remotely operated version of Najir as Najir Mk 2, the manned version becoming Najir Mk 1. In October 1994 it was announced that Pakistan would be the first customer to upgrade the `Amazon' (Type 21) class frigates. A new electro-optical version, the Najir 2000 is being developed.

Description

Najir has similar functions to its predecessors, Panda/Naja but the manned element supplements the laser rangefinder (originally the CILAS TMY 113 and later an Ericsson Nd:YAG unit) with a thermal imager (originally a CT 15 but later a SAGEM Murene operating in the 8 to 11 µm waveband). The latest production Najir features Radamec TV cameras and consideration is being given to an eye-safe laser rangefinder. The manned element has, in addition to three sensors, a servo cabinet, a ballistic unit based upon two Motorola 68000 microprocessors and a power supply box. Optional extras include a remote-control console and 625-line television/infrared monitors. Najir Mk 2 is designed to control fire from two guns of two calibres and consists of a line of sight stabilised mounting with electro-optic sensors, a processing unit, a power supply unit and a control console. The two-axis stabilised pedestal is identical to that used in the Sadral decoy launching system and has a swept radius of 80 cm. The sensors are the SAGEM Murene thermal imager, a Radamec HK 202 TV camera and an eye-safe CILAS THS 304 laser rangefinder. Najir 2000 has a new lighter weight sensor head which can accommodate up to four electro-optic sensors and with an elevation angle pointing capability of +85°. Sensors can include two infrared cameras, TV camera and eye-safe laser rangefinder. The processing unit includes servo and system management processors and dual channel videotracker. Najir 2000 is designed to be fully integrated in a combat system and can be operated by a single operator seated at a multifunction console. The system can carry out the following missions: sectorial search (manual or automatic); autotrack; aid to identification; `3-D' TD delivery; simultaneous control of two guns. It can also engage a surface target from a bearing/range T D information delivered by an external system (search radar).

Operational status Some 25 Najir Mk 1 units have been produced. Production of Najir Mk 1 and Mk 2 continues with six ship fits (12 units) of the latter ordered. Najir 2000 has entered production.

SPECIFICATIONS :

Najir Mk 1
Height: 1.35 m
Width: 1.50 m
Weight: 560 kg
Elevation: -20 to +70°
Pointing velocities
Azimuth: 90°/s
Elevation: 60°/s
Acceleration: 2 rad/s{2}
Najir 2000
Total elevation travel: -35 to +85°
Max velocity in bearing: 120°/s
Max acceleration in bearing: 200°/s
Sweeping radius: 0.53 m
Weight
Sensor head: 200 kg
Processing unit: 295 kg
Power supply unit: 80 kg

---

TITLE : LEANDER CLASS (FF)

ACTIVE : 2

Name	No	Builders	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned
ZULFIQUAR (ex-Apollo)	F 262	Yarrows, Glasgow	1 May 1969	15 Oct 1970	28 May 1972
SHAMSHER (ex-Diomede)	F 263	Yarrows, Glasgow	30 Jan 1968	15 Apr 1969	2 Apr 1971

DISPLACEMENT, tons : 2,500 standard; 2,962 full load
DIMENSIONS, ft (m) : 360 wl; 372 oa x 43 x 14.8 (keel); 18 (screws) (109.7; 113.4 x 13.1 x 4.5; 5.5)
MAIN MACHINERY : 2 Babcock & Wilcox boilers; 550 psi (38.7 kg/cm{2}); 850°F (454°C); 2 White/English Electric turbines; 30,000 hp (22.4 MW); 2 shafts
SPEED, knots : 28.
RANGE, miles : 4,000 at 15 kt
COMPLEMENT : 235 (15 officers)

GUNS : 2 Vickers 4.5 in (114 mm)/45 Mk 6 (twin) [Ref 1]; 80° elevation; 20 rds/min to 19 km (10.3 n miles) anti-surface; 6 km (3.3 n miles) anti-aircraft; weight of shell 25 kg. 6 - 25 mm/60 (3 twin) [Ref 2]; 270 rds/min to 3 km (1.6 n miles); weight of shell 0.34 kg.
A/S MORTARS : 3-barrelled UK MoD Mortar Mk 10 [Ref 3]; automatic loading; range 1 km; warhead 92 kg.
COUNTERMEASURES : Decoys: Graseby Type 182; towed torpedo decoy. 2 Vickers Corvus 8-barrelled trainable chaff launchers [Ref 4].
ESM: UA-8/9/13; radar warning.
ECM: Type 668; jammer.
WEAPONS CONTROL : MRS 3 system for 114 mm guns.
RADARS : Air search: Marconi Type 966; A-band; AKE-1.
Surface search: Plessey Type 993; E/F-band.
Navigation: Kelvin Hughes Type 1006; I-band.
Fire control: Plessey Type 904 (for 114 mm guns);
I/J-band.
SONARS : Kelvin Hughes Type 162M; hull-mounted; bottom
classification; 50 kHz.
Graseby Type 170B; hull-mounted; active search and attack; 15 kHz.
Graseby Type 184P; hull-mounted; active search and attack; 6-9
kHz.

HELICOPTERS : 1 SA 319B Alouette III.

PROGRAMME : Transferred from UK 15 July 1988 (Shamsher) and 14 October 1988 (Zulfiquar). Both ships are from the Batch 3B broad-beamed group of this class.
MODERNISATION : Seacat and 20 mm guns replaced by twin 25 mm mountings.
OPERATIONAL : Both ships sailed for Pakistan in August and December 1988 respectively. Extensive refits carried out 1991-93.

DISP.STANDARD (tonnes) :2540.0
DISP.FULL LOAD (tonnes) :3009.0
LENGTH (m) : 18.00
BEAM (m) : 13.1
DRAUGHT (m) :4.5
SPEED (knots) : 28.0
RANGE (nm) : 4000.0