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SyedA
06-02-2004, 11:21 PM
Pakistan’s role in peacekeeping

M Saeed Akhtar

The second International Day of the United Nations Peacekeepers was observed in Pakistan as in other parts of the world last Saturday to honour its establishment by the General Assembly in 2002 and pay homage to those who lost their lives for the cause of peace as well as those who have served or are serving peacekeeping operations. The second observance of the day comes at a moment of increasing demands around the world for the United Nations peacekeepers.

The preamble of the UN Charter expresses determination of the people of its members to save the succeeding generations from the scourge of wars and efforts are underway to achieve this objective of maintaining international peace and security through uniting their strength. Since 1948, the United Nations has deployed over 1.5 million peacekeepers in 57 missions, many in difficult zones with 1864 total fatalities in peacekeeping operations up to 30th April 2004. Presently, about 54,000 troops and police personnel are deployed in different missions and their number is likely to go well over 70000 by the end of this year.

The UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations is currently fielding 15 missions in three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, western Sahara Cote d‘Iovire, Timor-Leste Cyprus,Georgia, Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro Lebanon, Syrian Golan Heights and one political mission in Afghanistan

Ninety countries are contributing force to UN peacekeeping operations and as per latest position, the ten main troop-contributing countries are Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Nigeria, Ghana, Nepal, Uruguay, Jordan, Kenya, and Ethiopia.

Pakistan is the largest contributor of peacekeepers. Since 1960 it participated in 28 different peacekeeping missions gaining vast and rich experience. Today, in all 7697 of our troops and personnel are serving in eight peacekeeping missions in the three continents. This constitutes 13 per cent of global share. Sixty-six of our soldiers have laid down their lives while serving under the flag of the United Nations. In coming months Pakistan will send additional 1700 troops and other supporting personnel to new peace keeping missions, Burundi and cote d‘Ivoire (formerly Ivory Coast. This will take the total number of troops deployed to almost 10,000.

Pakistan’s record in UN peacekeeping has been impressive and immaculate and international community has duly acknowledged its contributions. Recently, the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said Pakistan troops have made the ultimate sacrifice in the voice of the world, peace and the United Nations. He believed it reflected determination among the Pakistani people to serve the world.

Pakistan firmly believes that the peace keeping operations should be well-conceived and well-executed with full international support and the goal of peacekeeping should not only be to separate the warring factions but to eliminate the root causes of conflict for ensuring durable peace and stability

Islamabad has proposed to establish a Peacekeeping Training Institute in Pakistan, which could be developed as centre of excellence for imparting professional training. The Security council at its special meeting on the 17th of this month recognised the need to draw on the expertise of experienced troop-contributing countries and called for the establishment of peacekeeping training centres for new and emerging troop contributors.

Pakistan has vital stake in the success of UN peacekeeping operations around the world but support for successful peacekeeping must come from both developed and developing countries, which must provide the women and women in uniform, the specialised military support services, the financial resources and the sustained commitment. The international community must prevent new flare-ups by investing time and funds in preparing post-conflict countries for democratic governance and economic development. Building peace from the ashes of war takes time and the international community must be willing to work with local institutions until they are ready to shoulder responsibility for the rule of law. Pakistan’s peacekeeping remains the most cost effective way of maintaining peace, preventing conflict and facilitating the transition from war to peace.

This is commendable that participation in the UN mission in West Irian was instrumental in preventing war between Indonesia and Portugal. The decisive action of our peacekeepers with UNTransitional Authority in Cambodia helped consolidate peace in that country while in Bosnia, they defended the UN safe area of Tuzla from the Serb ethnic-cleansing militias In Sierra Leone, our soldiers transformed an unsteady UN presence into a major UN success story. In Liberia, Pakistani troops are providing humanitarian and medical assistance to the local people and in the democratic Republic of Congo, they are engaged in giving security to thousands of civilians exposed to ethnic violence.

In cooperation with its UN partners, DPKO has undertaken contingency planning for possible new missions in Burundi, Haiti, Iraq and Sudan. Planning has also been underway for possible expansion of the peacekeeping operation in Cyprus and for a small mission in the Bakassi peninsula. The situation in Iraq is compelling the United States to pressurize the nations under its influence to send troops to face the Iraqi fighters and save American lives. The draft resolution presented by the United States and Britain in the Security Council recently is an attempt by these countries to win international backing for their post-occupation plans in Iraq and its authorisation of a multinational force to maintain peace.

However, our public opinion on this issue of sending troops to war-battered Iraq has not been in favour since Pakistan started receiving such requests and people are not prepared to face the loss of valuable lives of their personnel for the unjust cause. They very rightly believe that the lives of our soldiers are not less precious than the Iraqi occupiers and they should face all the consequences of their aggression. They believe that Iraqis, infuriated by the continuing American brutal operations are determined to target foreign elements, backing or working for occupiers. In such a situation mandate of the UN would be of no guarantee for the security of Pakistani troops deployed in highly disturbed country.

The writer is former Controller News, Radio Pakistan.

DrQazi
11-30-2004, 05:00 PM
[Pakistan’s record in UN peacekeeping has been impressive and immaculate and international community has duly acknowledged its contributions. Recently, the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said Pakistan troops have made the ultimate sacrifice in the voice of the world, peace and the United Nations.
Peacekeeping is nothing but international deployment. Pakistan needs to stand up on its own feet.

Right now we wait for UN to charter planes, helicopters, and ships for Pak-army soldiers. This is pathetic when our soldiers’ lives are on the line. They should have their own logistic capability to move in and out of theater.

It is not difficult to achieve. We can start with the following list and slowly improve on it.

1. 5 troop + equipment transport ships
2. 3- 4 battalions equipped with APCs, light artillery
3. 1 squadron of transport helicopters
4. 1 squadron of cobra helicopters
5. 1 squadron of C-130s
6. 2 P-3s.
7. Transport and supply vehicles

Pakistan should also work on acquiring 2 mini-aircraft carriers (1 primary and 1 backup).

This package should make Pak army more mobile and flexible for peacekeeping ops around the world. The way things are, we should expect hot spots popping up in different parts of the world.

Boota Masih
11-30-2004, 05:37 PM
Peacekeeping is nothing but international deployment. Pakistan needs to stand up on its own feet.

Right now we wait for UN to charter planes, helicopters, and ships for Pak-army soldiers. This is pathetic when our soldiers’ lives are on the line. They should have their own logistic capability to move in and out of theater.

It is not difficult to achieve. We can start with the following list and slowly improve on it.

1. 5 troop + equipment transport ships
2. 3- 4 battalions equipped with APCs, light artillery
3. 1 squadron of transport helicopters
4. 1 squadron of cobra helicopters
5. 1 squadron of C-130s
6. 2 P-3s.
7. Transport and supply vehicles

Pakistan should also work on acquiring 2 mini-aircraft carriers (1 primary and 1 backup).

This package should make Pak army more mobile and flexible for peacekeeping ops around the world. The way things are, we should expect hot spots popping up in different parts of the world.

UN peacekeeping is nothing more than an oppurtunity for Pakistan government and the officers and men in the services to make some extra bucks. it has very little strategic or defensive implications. If a country starts spending limited resources to buy military items which is totally unrelated to its strategic priorities than the war is lost even before it starts. Why should our equipment be exposed to attirition and depreciation when the UN is more than willing to pay somebody else to provide the same services? Even US troops going into war zones use chartered flights. Further, pakistan, pretty much, already has every thing that is in your wish list and why on earth would somebody would buy P3Cs for peacekeeping?

DrQazi
12-01-2004, 10:47 AM
UN peacekeeping is nothing more than an oppurtunity for Pakistan government and the officers and men in the services to make some extra bucks. ...
Your comments however sincere are off the point.

When the lives of Pak soldiers are on the line, it becomes a serious business as opposed to "extra bucks".

Police actions will increase in the ever-changing globalized world. Pak troops can do a super job in that scenario.
.... If a country starts spending limited resources to buy military items which is totally unrelated to its strategic priorities than the war is lost even before it starts. Why should our equipment be exposed to attirition and depreciation when the UN is more than willing to pay somebody else to provide the same services?
....
Pak troops already take their APCs along when needed. White painted APCs in Somalia saved the day. Nothing is free in this world. I am just saying that Pak troops can charge for their equipment fee. We can do a damn good job and the world will be willing to pay extra for better service.
....Even US troops going into war zones use chartered flights. ...
Sure. But US is not dependent on chartered flights if they want to evacuate troops from a theater.

.... Further, pakistan, pretty much, already has every thing that is in your wish list

and why on earth would somebody would buy P3Cs for peacekeeping?
Noop we don't have a unit like Pakistan Peace Marines force organized, and equipped for quick deployment.

P3's will be used to keep the area secure for the Pak troops.

All I am saying is that Pakistan should organize and market its ability to provide peace and security anywhere anytime on global basis. We can earn money, keep our troops safe, and prove that Pakistan is a peaceful power.

Boota Masih
12-01-2004, 11:43 AM
Your comments however sincere are off the point.

When the lives of Pak soldiers are on the line, it becomes a serious business as opposed to "extra bucks".

Police actions will increase in the ever-changing globalized world. Pak troops can do a super job in that scenario.

Pak troops already take their APCs along when needed. White painted APCs in Somalia saved the day. Nothing is free in this world. I am just saying that Pak troops can charge for their equipment fee. We can do a damn good job and the world will be willing to pay extra for better service.

Sure. But US is not dependent on chartered flights if they want to evacuate troops from a theater.


Noop we don't have a unit like Pakistan Peace Marines force organized, and equipped for quick deployment.

P3's will be used to keep the area secure for the Pak troops.

All I am saying is that Pakistan should organize and market its ability to provide peace and security anywhere anytime on global basis. We can earn money, keep our troops safe, and prove that Pakistan is a peaceful power.

What if we spend all this money on setting up a dedicated peace keeping force and nobody asks us to do any peacekeeping or if there is no need to do peace keeping. I think you have watched "Black Hawk Down" too many times. In reality there were no white APCs that saved the day. On the P3s, please go and do some research as to what they are designed to do before you suggest them as part of a dedicated peace keeping force. As for the Pakistani lives being lost, except for Somalia, Pakistan has lost few or no lives to hostile actions in peace keeping operations over the years. All in all, among Pakistani strategic and defensive priorities, allocating resources to a dedicated peace keeping force would be totally irrational and irresponsible. Even US/NATO/EU does not have such a force. What is possible is that the UN sets up a permanent peace keeping force and then Pakistan, with the invitation of the UN/Security Council, assigns resources to it.

skyler
12-07-2004, 10:57 AM
To go along with our article on the UN in Somalia, I'm writing up a complete (or as complete as can be in some cases) ORBAT of forces involved in UNOSOM I and II.

Unfortunatly I haven't been able to find Pakistans ORBAT yet. The only mention I've found is 'ex 7 Frontier Regiment' that was some of the first troops on the ground providing security.

Any help in the ORBAT would be much appreciated.

Thanks,
Court

SyedA
12-07-2004, 11:03 AM
http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/uno/somalia.html

Usman Shabbir
12-07-2004, 11:05 AM
For a start try: http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/uno/somalia.html and http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/uno/unheros.html (you can figure out from Roll of Honour list that soldiers from Baloch, Frontier Force and Sindh Regiments were also there).

Usman Shabbir
12-07-2004, 11:10 AM
For Pakistani UNOSOM I and II ORBAT details check: http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/uno/54years.html

skyler
12-07-2004, 11:31 AM
Excellent, thats perfect! Thanks very much.

The major contributors ORBAT is coming along nicely, and it will be nice to have Pakistan's units right up there. For the size of their contribution to UN missions I'm surprised it's not as well advertised as it should be. Probably just snobbery from the Canadian press as they like to mention all the missions we do, but in fact our contribution is small as compared to others. Funny how you can play with statistics.

Thanks again for the info!! I'm sure I'll be here alot.

Court